Final Exam — 20 MCQs (select the best answer)
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Which statement best describes colostrum?
A. It should be discarded because it’s dirty.
B. It is high in antibodies and ideal for the newborn.
C. It is identical to mature milk.
D. It causes stomach upset in babies. -
An early hunger cue is:
A. Loud, continuous crying.
B. Rooting and hand-to-mouth movements.
C. Rigid body and flailing arms.
D. Turning blue. -
Typical newborn feeding frequency in the first weeks is:
A. Every 6–8 hours.
B. 8–12 times per 24 hours.
C. 1–2 times per day.
D. Only at night. -
On Day 1 of life, the approximate stomach capacity is about:
A. 5–7 mL (≈1 teaspoon)
B. 50–60 mL (≈2 oz)
C. 150 mL (≈5 oz)
D. 300 mL (≈10 oz) -
A deep, effective latch usually includes the baby taking:
A. Only the nipple.
B. Most of the areola and the nipple.
C. Just the tip of the nipple.
D. The whole breast. -
The best immediate step when a mother has sore, cracked nipples due to a shallow latch is to:
A. Stop breastfeeding permanently.
B. Correct positioning and achieve a deeper latch.
C. Give formula instead.
D. Apply ice only. -
Audible rhythmic swallowing during feeding most likely means:
A. Baby is not getting any milk.
B. Baby is aspirating.
C. Milk transfer is occurring.
D. Baby is teething. -
Which is an early sign that a baby is getting enough milk?
A. 1 wet diaper per day
B. 6+ wet diapers per 24 hours after day 5
C. Constant crying after every feed
D. Very green stools only -
Which breastfeeding position is especially recommended for mothers recovering from a C-section?
A. Over-the-shoulder upright hold
B. Football (clutch) hold or side-lying
C. Standing cradle hold
D. Bent-forward cradle -
Hand-expression of milk should target milk from:
A. The nipple tip only.
B. The ducts under the areola (C-hold technique).
C. The armpit area.
D. The entire chest wall. -
When pumping for regular daily work separation, which pump type is generally most efficient?
A. Manual single-hand pump
B. Electric double pump
C. A glass cup only
D. No pump — only hand expression -
Safe short-term milk storage in an insulated cooler with ice packs is acceptable for roughly:
A. 1 hour only
B. 24 hours (with adequate ice packs)
C. 7 days
D. 6 months -
A blocked duct is most likely to present as:
A. Generalized fever and chills only.
B. A small, tender lump in one area of the breast without fever.
C. Immediate weight loss in the mother.
D. Jaundice in the baby. -
Which sign suggests mastitis (rather than simple engorgement)?
A. Both breasts mildly full on day 4 postpartum
B. Localized red, hot, painful wedge + fever and flu-like symptoms
C. Slight nipple tenderness only
D. Breast softer after feeding -
The best first step when an exclusively breastfed baby shows persistent poor weight gain is to:
A. Immediately start full formula feeds.
B. Observe a full breastfeed, assess latch/position, and increase feeding frequency.
C. Stop breastfeeding and switch to cow’s milk.
D. Give water between feeds. -
For relactation, the most important principle is:
A. Drinking special “milk-making” teas only.
B. Frequent, effective breast and pump stimulation (demand drives supply).
C. Complete bed rest for 2 weeks.
D. Avoiding skin-to-skin contact. -
Which medication class is most likely to reduce milk supply and should be checked carefully?
A. Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
B. Pseudoephedrine (decongestant) and estrogen-containing contraceptives
C. Penicillin antibiotics
D. Oral vitamins -
When a mother must supplement temporarily, the preferred first choice is:
A. Cow’s milk
B. Expressed mother’s own milk
C. Herbal teas for the baby
D. Sugar water -
Which feeding method is recommended in many low-resource settings to avoid nipple confusion and reduce infection risk?
A. Bottle feeding with unsterilized nipples
B. Cup or spoon (cup feeding/paladai) for expressed milk
C. Force-feeding with a syringe while baby is flat
D. Microwave-warmed bottle -
A red flag that requires urgent medical attention for a newborn is:
A. Feeding 8–12 times/day but making soft swallowing sounds
B. Fever ≥38°C (100.4°F), difficulty breathing, or extreme lethargy
C. Sleeping between feeds sometimes
D. Spitting up small amounts after feeds
Passing rule
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Pass mark = 80% → you must get 16 or more correct out of 20.
Answer Key with brief rationales
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B. Colostrum is rich in antibodies and is ideal for the newborn.
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B. Rooting and hand-to-mouth are early hunger cues.
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B. Newborns commonly feed 8–12 times/day.
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A. Day-1 stomach is about a teaspoon (5–7 mL).
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B. Baby should take most of the areola and the nipple for a deep latch.
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B. Correct latch/position is the immediate and effective fix for nipple trauma.
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C. Swallowing sounds indicate milk transfer.
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B. Adequate urine output (6+ wet diapers/day after day 5) is an early sign of sufficiency.
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B. Football hold and side-lying avoid pressure on the C-section incision.
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B. Use the C-hold around the areola to express from ducts (not squeeze nipple).
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B. Electric double pumps are most efficient for regular daily pumping.
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B. With good ice packs, cooler transport can keep milk safe for about 24 hours.
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B. A localized tender lump without systemic fever suggests a blocked duct.
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B. Localized red, hot painful area with fever suggests mastitis.
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B. First optimize breastfeeding technique and frequency before routine supplementation.
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B. Frequent stimulation (feeds/pumping) is central to relactation.
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B. Decongestants (pseudoephedrine) and estrogen contraceptives can reduce supply.
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B. Mother’s expressed milk is the preferred supplement when available.
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B. Cup/spoon/paladai feeding avoids nipple confusion and is easier to keep hygienic.
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B. Fever, breathing problems, or extreme lethargy are emergency red flags.
